Environmental Engineering for Water Management and Air Pollution

Question: Write about theEnvironmental Engineering for Water Management and Air Pollution. Answer: Introduction Environmental engineering is the branch of education thatuses scientific and engineering principles in order to protect the environment from various hazardous activities of human beings. As the activities of modern human are highly affecting the ecological balance, it is essential to have proper intervention measures in order to minimise the degradation. Environmental engineering is the applied scientific and technological method that helps to maintain sustainability of human life along with the ecosystem. Various environmental issues like water management, air pollution, and Public Health issue and water disposal intervention are done with the help of principles of environmental engineering. The principles of environmental engineering are based upon integration of Science and Engineering principles that aim to facilitate sustainable development and methods. The current study will provide critical analysis of the existing literature that is related to environmental engineering. All the journal articles related to environmental engineering that will be chosen for this project are peer-reviewed and it will help to critically analyse the current research work that are aimed to protect the environment with the help of principles of environmental engineering. The gaps that exist in the existing literature will also be highlighted upon in the current study. Hence, it will help to shed light upon the focus area of the future research work that are needed in order to implement better sustainable development and protect the ecosystem from all human activities. Literature Review According to the research work of Li et al. (2010), the main principles of environmental engineering is based upon the traditional approach that is based upon characterization and quantifying the nature of environmental problems encountered by the modern society. It is also important to mention in the context that the environmental engineering methods have evolved over the time due to the changing nature of environmental issues. It is important to monitor the changing nature of the environment, which is an essential component of applying environmental engineering principles in order to restore the ecological balance. The research work of Wang et al. (2014), have mentioned the importance of the Incineration of waste, which is believed to be one of the effective techniques based on the principles of environmental engineering. The major advantages that are obtained by this process are due to the fact that it helps to reduce the volume of solid wastes. Generally the wastes with high moisture content are usually treated with this method. Araghinejad (2013), has added in the context that Detoxification of toxic substances is also one of the major advantage has it can dispose of various carcinogenic and contaminated agents. The research work of Niessen (2010), have applied the principles of discrete element method that are used in the process of environmental engineering. This principle along with molecular dynamics and Brownian dynamics are used in the process of waste management. This principle is based upon the molecular weight and size of the waste particles, which is used in the methods of separation. It is important to mention that the floor of the fine particles that are a part of environmental waste have larger non-adhesive behaviours which is essential in the process of separation. Li et al. (2011), have added that there is the principal of van der waal forces, which is also one of the important component of this technique. The principal is based upon the formation of agglomerate, which is the most essential step of this procedure. There is also the process of fabric filtration, which is needed to control the harmful particles of air that forms air pollutants. As per the work of Chi et al. (201 1), in this context, Principles of Nano particle Technology can also be used in order to intersect the surface of the science with electrodynamics. This has a potential to overcome all the challenges that exist in the current method. The principles of Hydraulics can also be used as an important part of environmental engineering in order to deal with water disposal problem. Chadwick et al.(2013), have mentioned about the significance of fluid dynamics that are used in water resources combined with the elements of environmental engineering. With the rise of water level at various places, flood is one of the common phenomena that are usually associated with environmental degradation. The hydraulic principle of environmental engineering can help to monitor the flood level and thereby able to provide advance warning system in order to minimise the losses that occur due to environmental hazards. It is important to mention in this contact that the principle of hydraulic engineering is essential part of environmental intervention methods that are used to build dams and Power Plant project. With the help of these processes it is possible to protect the environment from all type of natural calamities and also ensure that there is minimum amount of loss. The research paper of Wichuk and McCartney (2010), have discussed about the importance of composite of waste, which is believed to be one of the effective technique adopted alongside the principles of environmental engineering in order to manage the wastes. This technique has been evolving since the last 15 years and the implication of sophisticated Technology has helped to improve the level of Public Health due to better waste management principles. More number of Companies has used this technique in order to manage the harmful wastes. It is also essential to develop the composite operation in order to get better outcome of waste management technique associated with environmental engineering. Critical Evaluation As the advantages of incineration are mentioned within the literature review section, it is also important to mention as per Mitsch, (2012), that one of the major disadvantage of this method is due to the high expense that are involved in the process of waste handling and maintenance of the equipment. This is due to the fact that most of the instruments and equipment that are used in this process have relatively low lifespan. There is also issue due to the operating problems and the high level of skilled engineers, who are required in this process. The problem of admission that consists of harmful gases like carbon monoxide and Sulphur dioxide is also one of the major issues that are associated with the use of incineration technique. Hence, it is essential for the environmental engineers to properly evaluate this technique in order to ensure that the further research focuses upon to increase the efficiency level. It is also essential to ensure that the efficiency level of the equipme nt is enhanced with the help of the latest engineering techniques. In spite of the fact that the discrete element method is one of the effective techniques based on environmental engineering, it is essential for most of the part to make sure that proper models are being applied in the overall process. The research work of Salleh et al. (2011), have concluded the challenge that lies in the overall process. It is important to mention that most of the challenges related are due to the fact that most of the important works in this technique have evolved on the basis of small scale. The major gaps that exist in the current literature are due to the fact that it is not possible to access the use of this techquies on the commercial scale. This is due to the fact that most of the research works do not have the engineering infrastructure that is needed to deal with its commercial application. The advancement level in the hydraulic engineering that is used as a significant part of environmental engineering is entirely based upon traditional theories. This type of principal can also be used among petroleum industry in order to extract oil from the mines. According to Medineckiene et al. (2010), it is essential to ensure that most of the important matters related to the use of nanoparticles in Environmental intervention can also be enhanced with the help of advanced level of hydraulic engineering. This has helped the oil industry to significantly reduce the environmental hazards that are associated with extraction process. The major advantage of this process is due to the fact that, it can be applied both directly and indirectly as a method of advanced level of techniques that are used to adopt most of the environmental intervention process. The research paper of Harun et al. (2010), which is also supported by the findings of Bosch-Rekveldt et al. (2011) have discussed about the opportunities that exist due to implementation of waste composition Technology. In United States of America after the implementation of this process, the government has implemented special laws in order to ensure that all the manufacturing company, who mainly deals with hazardous substance implement this strategy in their operation in order to ensure no harm is done to the local environment. As the composition of harmful waste is based upon biological principles, it is essential that the environmental engineers make proper use of this technique in order to ensure that further development of this process is done (Epstein 2011). From the literatures that exist related to environmental engineering it is important to evaluate the importance of biological decomposition method, which is believed to be the best techniques that can be used to deal with all types of environmental hazard. One of the significance of the biological technique and principles is that it is one of the natural methods of waste decomposition which do not have any major side effects. The cost of this process application is also effective due to the fact that no major machineries are required and it is mainly based upon simple techniques without requiring heavy infrastructure. Conclusion In the concluding note, it can be said that the principles of environmental engineering highly essential in the present days due to the fact that it is one of the best technique that are based upon the scientific theories that are implemented to protect the ecosystem from all type of human activities. The traditional theories of Engineering that are combined with biological principle are believed to be the best techniques that can help to deal with all the major environmental issues. It is also important to mention that most of the modern theories of environmental engineering are dependent upon the use of heavy machinery, which is believed to be ineffective due to the process of high expense that are involved. It is important for the future research to focus upon the gaps that exist in the current literature. Hence, it is important for the future research work to have better process to deal with the techniques related to environmental engineering, which will be more economical and ef fective in protecting the environment. Reference Araghinejad, S., 2013. Data-driven modeling: using MATLAB in water resources and environmental engineering (Vol. 67). Springer Science Business Media. Bosch-Rekveldt, M., Jongkind, Y., Mooi, H., Bakker, H. and Verbraeck, A., 2011. Grasping project complexity in large engineering projects: The TOE (Technical, Organizational and Environmental) framework. International Journal of Project Management, 29(6), pp.728-739. Chadwick, A., Morfett, J. and Borthwick, M., 2013. Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering. Crc Press. Chi, Y., Li, Y., Fei, X., Wang, S. and Yuan, H., 2011. Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(8), pp.1257-1265. Epstein, E., 2011. Industrial composting: Environmental engineering and facilities management. CRC Press. Harun, R., Singh, M., Forde, G.M. and Danquah, M.K., 2010. Bioprocess engineering of microalgae to produce a variety of consumer products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), pp.1037-1047. Li, H., Sheffield, J. and Wood, E.F., 2010. Bias correction of monthly precipitation and temperature fields from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 models using equidistant quantile matching. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115(D10). Li, S., Marshall, J.S., Liu, G. and Yao, Q., 2011. Adhesive particulate flow: The discrete-element method and its application in energy and environmental engineering. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37(6), pp.633-668. Medineckiene, M., Turskis, Z. and Zavadskas, E.K., 2010. Sustainable construction taking into account the building impact on the environment. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 18(2), pp.118-127. Mitsch, W.J., 2012. What is ecological engineering?. Ecological Engineering, 45, pp.5-12. Niessen, W.R., 2010. Combustion and incineration processes: applications in environmental engineering. CRC Press. Salleh, M.A.M., Mahmoud, D.K., Karim, W.A.W.A. and Idris, A., 2011. Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review. Desalination, 280(1), pp.1-13. Wang, Y., He, Y., Lai, Q. and Fan, M., 2014. Review of the progress in preparing nano TiO 2: An important environmental engineering material. Journal of environmental sciences, 26(11), pp.2139-2177. Wichuk, K.M. and McCartney, D., 2010. Compost stability and maturity evaluationa literature review A paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(11), pp.1505-1523.